prewitt_dirPrewittDirPrewittDirprewitt_dirprewitt_dir🔗

Short description🔗

prewitt_dirPrewittDirPrewittDirprewitt_dirprewitt_dir — Detect edges (amplitude and direction) using the Prewitt operator.

Signature🔗

prewitt_dir( image Image, out image ImageEdgeAmp, out image ImageEdgeDir )

Description🔗

prewitt_dirPrewittDir calculates an approximation of the first derivative of the image data and is used as an edge detector. The filter is based on the following filter masks:

    A =
          1       1       1
          0       0       0
         -1      -1      -1

    B =
          1       0      -1
          1       0      -1
          1       0      -1

The result image contains the maximum response of the masks $A$ and $B$. The edge directions are returned in ImageEdgeDirimageEdgeDirimage_edge_dir, and are stored in 2-degree steps, i.e., an edge direction of $x$ degrees mathematically positive sense and with respect to the horizontal axis is stored as $x / 2$ in the edge direction image. Furthermore, the direction of the change of intensity is taken into account. Let $[E_{x},E_{y}]$ denote the image gradient. Then the following edge directions are returned as $r/2$:

\[\begin{eqnarray*} \begin{array}{lcl} \mbox{intensity increase} & E_{x} / E_{y} & \\ &&\\ \mbox{edge direction $r$}\\ \mbox{from bottom to top} & 0 / + & 0\\ \mbox{from lower right to upper left} & - / + & ]0,90[\\ \mbox{from right to left} & - / 0 & 90 \\ \mbox{from upper right to lower left} & - / - & ]90,180[\\ \mbox{from top to bottom} & 0 / - & 180 \\ \mbox{from upper left to lower right} & + / - & ]180,270[\\ \mbox{from left to right} & + / 0 & 270\\ \mbox{from lower left to upper right} & + / + & ]270,360[ \end{array} \end{eqnarray*}\]

Points with edge amplitude 0 are assigned the edge direction 255 (undefined direction).

Attention🔗

Note that filter operators may return unexpected results if an image with a reduced domain is used as input. Please refer to the chapter Filters.

Execution information🔗

Execution information

Multithreading type: reentrant (runs in parallel with non-exclusive operators).
Multithreading scope: global (may be called from any thread).
Automatically parallelized on tuple level.
Automatically parallelized on channel level.
Automatically parallelized on domain level.

Parameters🔗

Imageimageimage (input_object) (multichannel-)image(-array) → object (byte / int2 / uint2)HObject (byte / int2 / uint2)HImage (byte / int2 / uint2)HObject (byte / int2 / uint2)Hobject (byte / int2 / uint2)

Input image.

ImageEdgeAmpimageEdgeAmpimage_edge_amp (output_object) (multichannel-)image(-array) → object (byte / int2 / uint2)HObject (byte / int2 / uint2)HImage (byte / int2 / uint2)HObject (byte / int2 / uint2)Hobject * (byte / int2 / uint2)

Edge amplitude (gradient magnitude) image.

ImageEdgeDirimageEdgeDirimage_edge_dir (output_object) (multichannel-)image(-array) → object (direction)HObject (direction)HImage (direction)HObject (direction)Hobject * (direction)

Edge direction image.

Example🔗

(HDevelop)

read_image(Image,'fabrik')
prewitt_dir(Image,PrewittA,PrewittD)
threshold(PrewittA,Edges,128,255)

(C)

read_image(&Image,"fabrik")\;
prewitt_dir(Image,&PrewittA,&PrewittD)\;
threshold(PrewittA,&Edges,128,255)\;

Result🔗

prewitt_dirPrewittDir always returns 2 (H_MSG_TRUE). If the input is empty the behavior can be set via set_system('no_object_result',<Result>). If necessary, an exception is raised.

Combinations with other operators🔗

Combinations

Possible predecessors

binomial_filterBinomialFilter, gauss_filterGaussFilter, sigma_imageSigmaImage, median_imageMedianImage, smooth_imageSmoothImage

Possible successors

hysteresis_thresholdHysteresisThreshold, thresholdThreshold, gray_skeletonGraySkeleton, nonmax_suppression_dirNonmaxSuppressionDir, close_edgesCloseEdges, close_edges_lengthCloseEdgesLength

Alternatives

edges_imageEdgesImage, sobel_dirSobelDir, robinson_dirRobinsonDir, frei_dirFreiDir, kirsch_dirKirschDir

Module🔗

Foundation